Boocercus Eurycerus

The bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) is a large, mostly nocturnal, forest-dwelling antelope, native to sub-Saharan Africa. Bongos are characterised by a striking reddish-brown coat, black and white markings, white-yellow stripes and long slightly spiralled horns. It is the only tragelaphid in which both sexes have horns. Bongos have a complex social interaction and are found in African dense forest mosaics. They are the third-largest antelope in the world.[3]

boocercus eurycerus

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The western or lowland bongo, T. e. eurycerus, faces an ongoing population decline, and the IUCN Antelope Specialist Group considers it to be Near Threatened on the conservation status scale.[2]

The eastern or mountain bongo, T. e. isaaci, of Kenya, has a coat even more vibrant than that of T. e. eurycerus. The mountain bongo is only found in the wild in a few mountain regions of central Kenya. This bongo is classified by the IUCN Antelope Specialist Group as Critically Endangered, with fewer individuals in the wild than in captivity (where it breeds readily).[4]

The scientific name of the bongo is Tragelaphus eurycerus, and it belongs to the genus Tragelaphus and family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1837.[5] The generic name Tragelaphus is composed of two Greek words: trag-, meaning a goat; and elaphos, meaning deer.[6] The specific name eurycerus originated from the fusion of eurus (broad, widespread) and keras (an animal's horn).[7] The common name "bongo" originated probably from the Kele language of Gabon. The first known use of the name "bongo" in English dates to 1861.[8]

Bongos are further classified into two subspecies: T. e. eurycerus, the lowland or western bongo, and the far rarer T. e. isaaci, the mountain or eastern bongo, restricted to the mountains of Kenya only. The eastern bongo is larger and heavier than the western bongo. Two other subspecies are described from West and Central Africa, but taxonomic clarification is required. They have been observed to live up to 19 years.[9]

Bongos are susceptible to diseases such as rinderpest, which almost exterminated the species during the 1890s. Tragelaphus eurycerus may suffer from goitre. Over the course of the disease, the thyroid glands greatly enlarge (up to 10 x 20 cm) and may become polycystic. Pathogenesis of goiter in the bongo may reflect a mixture of genetic predisposition coupled with environmental factors, including a period of exposure to a goitrogen.[19] Leopards and spotted hyenas are the primary natural predators (lions are seldom encountered due to differing habitat preferences); pythons sometimes eat bongo calves. Humans prey on them for their pelts, horns, and meat, with the species being a common local source for "bush meat".[5] Bongo populations have been greatly reduced by hunting, poaching, and animal trapping, although some bongo refuges exist.

The IUCN Antelope Specialist Group considers the western or lowland bongo, T. e. eurycerus, to be Lower Risk (Near Threatened)[2] and the eastern or mountain bongo, T. e. isaaci, of Kenya, to be Critically Endangered.[4] These bongos may be endangered due to human environmental interaction, as well as hunting and illegal actions towards wildlife.

In 2002, the IUCN, listed the western/lowland species as Near Threatened. These bongos may be endangered due to human environmental interaction, as well as hunting and illegal actions towards wildlife. CITES lists bongos as an Appendix III species, only regulating their exportation from a single country, Ghana. It is not protected by the US Endangered Species Act and is not listed by the USFWS. The IUCN Antelope Specialist Group considers the western or lowland bongo, T. e. eurycerus, to be Lower Risk (Near Threatened), and the eastern or mountain bongo, T. e. isaaci, of Kenya, to be Critically Endangered. Other subspecific names have been used, but their validity has not been tested.

O bongo occidental (T. e. eurycerus), ten unha poboación que está declinar, e a IUCN Antelope Specialist Group considera que a subespecie está preto da ameaza segundo a escala de coservación.

O bongo oriental (T. e. isaaci), habita en Kenya e ten unha pelaxe aínda máis vibrante que a de T. e. eurycerus. Esta subespecie só se atopa en liberdade nunha remota rexión do centro de Kenya. O bongo está clasificado segundo a IUCN Antelope Specialist Group como criticamente ameazado, con máis exemplares en catividade que en liberdade.

El bongo occidental o de terres baixes, T. e. eurycerus, que s'enfronta a un declivi de població continuat, i el grup d'especialistes en antílops de la UICN el considera com Proper a l'amenaça (NT) a l'escala d'estat de conservació.

El bongo oriental o de muntanya, T. e. isaaci, de Kenya, té una capa encara més vibrant que la de T. e. eurycerus. El bongo de muntanya només es troba a la natura en una regió remota del centre de Kenya. Aquest bongo està classificat pel Grup d'especialistes en antílops de la UICN com a en perill d'extinció, amb més exemplars en captivitat que a la natura.

Els bongos són susceptibles a malalties com la pesta bovina, que gairebé van exterminar l'espècie durant la dècada de 1890. Tragelaphus eurycerus pot patir de goll. Durant el transcurs de la malaltia, les glàndules tiroides s'amplien molt (fins a 10 x 20 cm) i poden arribar a ser poliquístiques. La patogènia del goll al bongo pot reflectir una barreja de predisposició genètica juntament amb factors ambientals, incloent un període d'exposició a un factor desencadenant.[10] Els lleopards i les hienes tacades són els principals depredadors naturals dels Bongos (els lleons rarament se'ls troben a causa de les preferències d'hàbitat diferents); els pitons de vegades mengen vedells. Els éssers humans els manegen per les seves pells, banyes i carn, sent l'espècie una font local comuna per a la "carn de bosc".[1] Les poblacions de bongo han estat molt reduïdes per la caça, la caça furtiva i la captura d'animals, tot i que existeixen alguns refugis de bongo.

Bongo lesní, též antilopa bongo nebo jen bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus), je největší a nejtěžší lesní antilopa. Se svojí sytě kaštanově hnědou srstí s bílými svislými pruhy a tmavou maskou je právem považována za nejpestřeji zbarvenou a nejkrásnější africkou antilopu vůbec.

Popisují se dva poddruhy antilopy bongo: bongo nížinný, T. e. eurycerus, který obývá většinu současného areálu bonga v nížinných deštných pralesích, a bongo horský (T. eurycerus isaaci), který je ohrožený vyhubením a v přírodě se vyskytuje pouze v Keni, na území Ugandy už pravděpodobně vyhynul. Nížinný bongo je větší než jeho horský příbuzný, který je naopak výrazněji zbarvený.

Der Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus, Synonyme: Boocercus euryceros, Taurotragus eurycerus)[1] ist eine afrikanische Antilopenart. Von seinen nächsten Verwandten, den Kleinen Kudus (Ammelaphus), den Großen Kudus (Strepsiceros), der Nyala-Antilope (Nyala angasii) sowie der Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) und den Buschböcken bzw. Schirrantilopen unterscheidet er sich am auffälligsten dadurch, dass bei ihm auch die Weibchen Hörner tragen. Wegen dieses Umstands wird er gelegentlich einer eigenen Gattung Boocercus zugeordnet. Auch eine nähere Verwandtschaft mit den Elenantilopen (Taurotragus) ist möglich, dafür sprechen die horntragenden Weibchen, die ähnliche Schwanzform und das Fehlen von Leistendrüsen.

Bongos haben eine wechselvolle zoologisch-systematische Zuordnung: als Boocercus euryceros findet man sie in der älteren Fachliteratur. Heute wird sie als Taurotragus eurycerus zu den Elenantilopen gestellt, oder man findet sie als Tragelaphus eurycerus (oder euryceros) den Drehhörnern (Tragelaphus) zugeordnet.[1]

Man unterscheidet zwei Unterarten, den Westlichen Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus) und den Östlichen Bongo oder Kenia-Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci (Thomas, 1902)). Der Westliche Bongo in den großen Regenwäldern West- und Zentralafrikas gilt noch als relativ häufig (obwohl auch seine Bestände infolge der Waldzerstörung zurückgehen) und wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als potenziell gefährdet eingestuft (near threatened).[3] Der Östliche Bongo lebt nur in kleinen Waldgebieten Kenias und gilt als vom Aussterben bedroht (critically endangered).[4]

The mountain bongo (Boocercus eurycerus isaaci) is a flagship species for one of the world's richest forest ecosystems, adjacent to the highest priority plant-diversity hotspot, the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya. This shy bovid is a visually striking, well-recognized ambassador for East Africa's montane forests, and one of the most popular and prized antelopes maintained in zoos. The mountain bongo is a subspecies of the nominate race, B. e. eurycerus, and is highly endangered, restricted at most to three small, Kenyan sub-populations: Aberdares Conservation Area, the Mau Forest, and Mt. Kenya National Park (East 1999). While population estimates are inferential (Butynski 1999, East 1999), altogether less than a hundred mountain bongo are believed to survive in the wild. 041b061a72